Heritage Jobs
CCT has an international award-winning reputation in heritage conservation and regeneration. All churches in our care are listed, mostly Grade I and II*, and some are Scheduled Ancient Monuments.
Without our care, these buildings might have disappeared entirely. Instead, they are enjoyed as social, tourism, educational and cultural resources, kept open, in use, and living once again in the heart of their communities.
The Head of Region provides strategic and operational leadership in the region, ensuring the effective and efficient operation of the regional team and the successful development and delivery of the regional business plan and projects. The role drives the achievement of key performance indicators and targets with a particular focus on church income and community engagement.
Key relationships
Internally, the Head of Region works closely with the Director of Operations and other Heads of Region to support consistent operational delivery, and management and development of regional staff. The role also interacts closely with all other CCT teams including Conservation, Fundraising & Communication, Initiatives & Partnerships, and Finance.
Externally, the Head of Region is CCT’s regional representative, brokering joint working and engagement with statutory and Church of England stakeholders, funders, politicians at all levels, volunteers, communities and donors.
If you would like to apply for this role, please visit our recruitment portal to begin your application. You will be asked to submit a CV and a short supporting statement (max 2 sides A4) outlining why you’d like to apply and how you fulfil the person specification for this post, so you’ll need to refer to the job description.
The closing date for receipt of applications is 8am on Friday 9th May 2025
The interviews will take place in Northampton on Tuesday 20th May 2025. Please note that the interview date and location have been specifically chosen according to the availability of the panel.
We are a Disability Confident Committed Employer. Candidates who declare that they have a disability and who meet the essential criteria for the job will be offered an interview.
If you have any queries about this role, or if you have a disability and wish to request a reasonable adjustment at any stage of the recruitment process, please contact us.
We are an inclusive employer and offer equal opportunities to all regardless of an individual’s age, disability, gender identity, marriage or civil partnership status, pregnancy or maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation.
We are not a licensed sponsor at this time. Any offer of employment will be made subject to valid right to work in the UK being provided.
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
The Cathedral is looking to recruit a Head of Programming & Visitor Engagement. This is a new and hugely exciting role at Chelmsford Cathedral to support the strategy and vision of senior leadership under our new Dean, Jessica Martin.
The post offers the opportunity to provide energetic and creative departmental leadership to enable us to deliver a rich programme of cultural events that will support our mission, vitalise our community engagement and generate income from our visitors and audiences. We are committed to providing not only a cultural venue for Chelmsford, but to transforming the Cathedral into a heritage site and cultural hub for the whole Diocese across Essex and East London, and as part of a community of Anglican Cathedrals nationally.
At the heart of both city and county, Chelmsford Cathedral is a hub for a rich variety of community activity.




We have an exciting opportunity for a proven HR Generalist to partner our Commercial Enterprises and Fundraising Directorates. This role is part of the HR Business Partnering team and works with colleagues across the department to deliver HR services and our People and Culture Strategy.
As the first point of contact on people issues for senior management you will have excellent communication and relationship building skills, especially as advising, problem-solving and identifying effective and workable solutions will be an important part of the role.
You will be a member of CIPD, or graduate member working toward full membership, with significant experience in a busy HR generalist role. With proven experience of employee relations case management, you will also experience of partnering to a client group and providing support, advice and guidance to senior management. Adaptability, resilience and a strong customer focus are essential, along with the ability to influence at senior management level.
This role is based at Kew with the option of regular home working, subject to operational requirements.
About Us
The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (RBG Kew) is a leading plant science institute, UNESCO World Heritage Site, and major visitor attraction. Our mission is to understand and protect plants and fungi for the well-being of people and the future of all life on Earth.
We are working to end the unprecedented extinction crisis and to help create a world where nature is protected, valued by all and managed sustainably. We will achieve these goals by drawing on our leading scientific research, unrivalled collections of plants and fungi, global network of partners, inspirational gardens at Kew and Wakehurst, and our 260 years of history.
Join us on our journey as protectors of the world’s plants and fungi.
Our fantastic benefits package includes opportunities for continuous learning, a generous annual leave entitlement, flexible working to help you maintain a healthy work-life balance, an Employee Assistance Programme and other wellbeing support such as cycle to work scheme and discounted gym membership. We also offer a competitive pension, an employee discount scheme and free entry into a wide range of national museums and galleries, as well as access to our own beautiful gardens at Kew and Wakehurst.
We are dedicated to equality of opportunity and welcome applications from all sections of the community. We are committed to interview disabled applicants who meet the essential criteria for the post.
No agencies please.
Join the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust as Grants & Trusts Manager and be part of our passionate and dynamic Development department. We are seeking a dedicated individual for a permanent role within our fast-paced, growing team.
In this role you will be responsible for securing income from grant-making trusts and foundations for a variety of exciting projects. Your efforts will directly contribute to the success and growth of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
We are looking for a candidate with a genuine passion for fundraising and a track record of developing and writing successful funding applications to support revenue and capital projects. A positive, flexible attitude and the ability to collaborate effectively with colleagues across departments are also key qualities we value.
This is a pivotal moment for the Trust as we embark on an ambitious new vision to become a contemporary organisation with global reach and purpose, with Shakespeare at the heart of everything we do.
Applications close on Sunday 27 April 2025. First stage interviews will be held on Wednesday 7 May 2025.
To learn more and apply, visit our jobs website.
The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust is committed to promoting equality of opportunity and building a diverse and representative workforce. Join us and be a part of something truly special.
Overall job purpose
This is a fundamental role within our North regional team, internally the role is known as Local Community Officer. The future of CCT’s outstanding collection of historic churches depends on communities supporting their local CCT church with funds, events, inspiring interpretation, visitor services and preventive conservation. The Local Community Officer will engage and support communities and volunteers to care for 23 historic churches across Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside, W. Yorkshire, N. Yorkshire (part), ensuring each site achieves agreed standards.
Key relationships
You will work closely with the Lead Local Community Officer (North), regional and national colleagues, volunteers, community groups and other local stakeholders.
If you would like to apply for this role, please visit our recruitment portal to begin your application. You will be asked to submit a CV and a short supporting statement (max 2 sides A4) outlining why you’d like to apply and how you fulfil the person specification for this post, so you’ll need to refer to the job description.
The closing date for receipt of applications is 8am on Monday 28th April 2025.
The interviews will take place in Leeds on Wednesday 7th May 2025. Please note that the interview date and location have been specifically chosen according to the availability of the panel.
We are a Disability Confident Committed Employer. Candidates who declare that they have a disability and who meet the essential criteria for the job will be offered an interview.
If you have any queries about this role, or if you have a disability and wish to request a reasonable adjustment at any stage of the recruitment process, please contact us.
We are an inclusive employer and offer equal opportunities to all regardless of an individual’s age, disability, gender identity, marriage or civil partnership status, pregnancy or maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation.
We are not a licensed sponsor at this time. Any offer of employment will be made subject to valid right to work in the UK being provide
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
Ambitious and excited for change you will develop partnerships that support Aurora’s Heritage and Wellbeing services so they can continue to be offered in innovative ways.
Co-ordinate Aurora’s Heritage and Wellbeing programmes of activities to ensure service users’ needs are met. To assist with project evaluation and reporting.
You will manage all curatorial aspects of the Heritage Hub
To enhance the health, heritage and well-being of the local community, with a special focus on supporting cancer patients.
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
This is a unique opportunity to lead a globally respected organisation dedicated to preserving and enhancing the city's World Heritage Site while promoting its positive role in a dynamic, living city.
Reporting to the Board of Trustees, the Director will be responsible for providing visionary leadership, fostering a collaborative and inclusive organisational culture, ensuring financial sustainability, effective governance and the successful delivery of strategic objectives. They will serve as the primary spokesperson for the World Heritage Site, building strong relationships with key stakeholders.
The successful candidate will bring experience in the culture or heritage sectors, strong communication and interpersonal skills, financial and fundraising knowledge, and a passion for Edinburgh’s historic environment.
This role presents a chance to make a lasting impact on one of the world's most celebrated World Heritage Sites.
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
Icon, the Institute of Conservation, is a charity and professional membership organisation dedicated to safeguarding cultural heritage and championing the value of conservation. As a key member of our small, dedicated team, you will be instrumental in supporting Icon's membership community.
This role role is responsible for the day-to-day operation of membership and involves providing exceptional membership services, ensuring seamless communication, and maintaining accurate membership data. In addition to membership services, this role will support membership growth via implementation of exciting new membership initiatives.
This role is based at Icon’s office in Farringdon, London. Icon operates a hybrid working policy, which requires staff to be in the office at least two days per week, with the flexibility to work remotely for the remainder.
The post-holder will report directly to the Marketing and Membership Manager.
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
The role will involve creating and delivering a programme of activities, events, and small exhibitions in Manchester Histories Hub at Manchester Central Library.
A focus of the role will be on heritage and wellbeing, weaving this into the programme of activities and ensuring that our values of compassion, curiosity and justice are reflected throughout. Another key aspect of the role involves supporting our team of dedicated volunteers in engaging with visitors to the Hub and coordinating their recruitment and training while fostering a collaborative approach. Volunteers are vital in supporting the aims of the charity and in return we aim to provide our volunteers with an enjoyable, rewarding and stimulating experience.
The Hub is a space for people to come together to reveal and celebrate Greater Manchester’s rich and diverse histories and heritage. This is an opportunity to shape the hub to become an even more welcoming, dynamic and vibrant space.
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
Actively Interviewing
This organisation is scheduling interviews as applications come in. They're ready to hire as soon as they find the right person. Don't miss your opportunity, apply now!
We are looking for a number of part-time (up to 14 hours per week) seasonal Visitor Experience Assistants to work with our existing expert groups of volunteer welcomers, guides and shop assistants during peak holiday periods.
This role will involve welcoming people in and inviting them to explore our glorious Cathedral to learn more about the building and its purpose at the same time as developing new skills.
As part of your induction successful candidates will attend a Training Day with a course developed and delivered by our Visitor Experience Manager and an accredited training company covering Visitor Experience, customer service fundraising techniques, safety and safeguarding.
This role comes at an exciting time for the Cathedral. In 2024 we were awarded £118,000 from the National Lottery Heritage Fund to create a new dynamic space, combining our shop and welcome area with a new heritage exhibition space.
Primary Objectives
-
Greet and welcome visitors to Portsmouth Cathedral, helping to provide an experience above their expectations.
-
Implement a refreshed emphasis on articulating ‘the ask’ for donations and be part of a new group testing innovative donation methods and solutions.
-
Support the existing volunteer welcomers and guides to manage increased visitor numbers during peak periods of the year.
-
Visitor Experience
Safeguarding. The Cathedral takes the safeguarding of children and vulnerable adults very seriously, and practices Safer Recruitment for all roles (both paid and voluntary), enhanced DBS for specific roles, and face-to-face or online training as required.
Portsmouth Cathedral is an Equal Opportunities Employer and a member of Inclusive Church.
Salary will be paid at the National Minimum Wage appropriate to age.
Inspire. Engage. Fund the Future of Sussex’s Countryside.
Are you great with people, a natural networker, fundraiser and strategist and care about the Sussex countryside, communities and nature? This is your chance to make a difference and join a team dedicated to protecting Sussex for everyone and for future generations to enjoy.
CPRE Sussex is looking for an energetic and positive Members, Supporters and Fundraising Senior Officer to develop our expanding network, help build income and take action for the landscapes we all cherish.
What You’ll Do:
-
Grow our community – recruit and retain members, supporters, and volunteers
-
Develop fundraising initiatives – secure income through regular giving, appeals, legacies, and major gifts
-
Create engaging events – help people connect with Sussex’s nature, heritage, and culture
-
Build powerful partnerships – work with organisations and high-profile individuals to strengthen our impact
-
Support volunteers – recruit, train, and empower people who share our vision
What We’re Looking For:
-
A strategic thinker who understands membership growth and fundraising – and is also prepared, in a small organisation, to get hands-on with the nuts and bolts of working with individual members and volunteers
-
A confident communicator who can engage people through print, digital, and in-person events
-
A relationship-builder who thrives on making connections
-
A results-driven professional who can turn passion into income and impact
-
A team player willing to get involved in organising and delivering events
If you want to play a key role in shaping the future of Sussex’s countryside, we’d love to hear from you.
Apply now and help us grow a movement for change!
To apply for the role, please complete the application form (CVs will not be accepted). Please make sure you explain, using examples from your experience, how you meet each of the criteria listed in the person specification, as well as the wider job description; failure to do so means you are unlikely to be shortlisted.
Closing Date for applications is Thursday, 24 April 2025 at 12:00.
Interviews will be held w/b 12 May 2025 at our offices near Uckfield.
To shape a greener future for us all, by protecting, celebrating and regenerating the beautiful, thriving Sussex countryside
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
Climate FORTH Project Officer - Community & Youth Development
Reference: FEB20250341
Location: Skinflats and Black Devon Reserve, near Falkirk
Contract: Fixed Term Maternity Cover, for up to 12 months
Hours: Full Time, 37.5 hours per week
Salary: £26,379.00 - £28,319.00 Pro Rata
Benefits: Pension Scheme, Life Assurance Scheme, 26 days' Annual Leave (pro rata)
The RSPB reserves the right to extend or make this role permanent without further advertising dependent on business needs at the end of the contract term.
We are looking for an enthusiastic and organised individual with a passion for partnership working to help deliver Climate FORTH: Furthering Our Resilience Through Heritage.
This is an ambitious project by Inner Forth Futures (IFF) – a collaboration of 9 organisations, who have committed to working together with advisory organisations, stakeholders and community groups to achieve a shared vision. The IFF vision is that the sense of connection, purpose and place that put the Inner Forth at the forefront of the industrial development of Scotland will be revitalised. We aim to achieve this using a landscape scale approach with heritage at its core to engage people in new ways in the Inner Forth’s management.
The Climate FORTH project has been in delivery phase since July 2023 and is a three-year project receiving funding from The National Lottery Heritage Fund and a range of co-funders.
In this Project Officer (maternity cover) role you will support project delivery by continuing to lead on activities relating to communities and young people, with a focus on continuing delivery of heritage asset actions identified via four Local Resilience Plans and delivery of micro-grant heritage actions decided upon by the project’s Young Leaders. You will oversee an external contract to facilitate the delivery of a Community Heritage Group Training and Mentoring programme, plan and delivery a series of ‘taster’ sessions for Young People to learn climate resilience skills and support the design and delivery of an outreach programmes at heritage assets. You will help manage and mentor a Project Assistant, who will be responsible for delivery of the outreach programme at heritage assets.
The successful candidate will have proven experience of community development work, working with young people and partnership working. You will be supported by the Climate Forth Project Manager, Steering Group and Board but you will need to be able to demonstrate the ability to work independently and to implement creative solutions.
The post will be based at the RSPB Skinflats Reserve near Falkirk, with flexibility to work part of the week from home and occasional weekend and evening work. The role will include travel around the Inner Forth to communities and sites on a regular basis. This is one of 3 Project Officer roles.
You will be responsible for:
- Leading on community engagement across the project.
- Continuing work with four local communities, delivering heritage asset actions defined through project created Local Resilience Plans.
- Delivering a series of heritage asset actions, utilising a micro-grant and actions defined by Young Leaders.
- Overseeing a contract-led Training and Mentoring programme for Community Heritage Groups.
- Plan and deliver a series of in-person sessions for young people to learn heritage-related job skills.
- Assist planning and delivery of a series of Family Focused Outreach sessions at Heritage Sites – with mentorship of a developmental Project Assistant role.
- Supporting the Project Manager with elements of grant reporting and claims.
- Contributing to internal and external communications.
Essential skills, knowledge and experience:
- Experience of successful community development work.
- Experience of working with project teams, partners and stakeholders.
- Ability to produce clear written communications including report writing.
- Ability to persuade and influence a wide range of people.
- Excellent problem-solving skills, ability to find creative solutions and to work on own initiative.
- Proven time management and organisational skills and ability to work under pressure.
- Working knowledge of Microsoft Office applications (especially Outlook, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, SharePoint and Teams).
Desirable skills, knowledge and experience:
- Some knowledge of the theory and practice of project management.
- Experience of contractor management.
A full driving licence which is valid for use in the UK is strongly recommended or a suitable alternative.
Closing date: 23:59, Mon, 14th Apr 2025
We are looking to conduct interviews for this position from 7th May 2025.
Interested?
If you would like to find out more, please click the apply button. You will be directed to our website to complete your application for this position.
This role will require completion of a PVG in addition to the standard pre-employment checks.
We are committed to developing an inclusive and diverse RSPB, in which everyone feels supported, valued, and able to be their full selves. To achieve our vision of creating a world richer in nature, we need more people, and more diverse people, on nature’s side. People of colour and disabled people are currently underrepresented across the environment, climate, sustainability, and conservation sector. If you identify as a person of colour and/or disabled, we are particularly interested in receiving your application.
The RSPB is an equal opportunities employer. This role is covered by Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974.
This role is not eligible for UK Visa Sponsorship - the successful applicant will need to have a pre-existing Right to Work in the UK in order to be offered an employment contract.
As part of this application process you will be asked to complete an application form including evidence on how you meet the skills, knowledge, and experience listed above. Contact us to discuss any additional support you may need to complete your application.
No agencies please.
The RSPB brings people together – people like you – to protect the things that matter to us all.



Actively Interviewing
This organisation is scheduling interviews as applications come in. They're ready to hire as soon as they find the right person. Don't miss your opportunity, apply now!
We are looking for an experienced and enthusiastic Capital Development Manager to play a crucial role in reinstating the unique man-made waterfalls in a Grade II* listed park. Supported by the National Lottery Heritage Fund, this person will demonstrate strong leadership, organizational, and problem-solving skills to guide a team of expert consultants.
The Parks Team a passionate group of professionals, who work together to maintain and improve Wandsworth Council’s parks, commons, playgrounds, allotments and other greenspaces. We are keen to recognise, value, manage and enhance the biodiversity and plant heritage of our landscapes and contribute to a healthy planet and the wellbeing of our communities.
Main Duties/Responsibilities:
This exciting role will lead on developing designs and work plans suitable for planning permission and an application for delivery phase funding from the National Lottery Heritage Fund. Responsibilities include;
- Subcontractor coordination: Lead in the onboarding and management of a Landscape Architect to develop existing condition surveys and recommendations to RIBA Stage 3, ensuring that accessibility is considered throughout.
- Oversight of trials and structural surveys: Ensure low carbon mortar trials, asbestos investigation, gunnite removal tests, and hydrology investigations can be completed by contractors.
- Management of Environmental Impact Assessments: To understand risks to existing habitats and ecosystem services, and develop a baseline understanding of species.
- Renewable Energy Initiatives: Ensure that Landscape Architects work alongside the appointed Community Energy Organisation to integrate renewable energy solutions into final designs.
- Public Consultations: Support in the preparation, delivery, and analysis of public consultations.
- Planning Permission & Compliance: Oversee the preparation and submission of planning permission documents, including those related to energy infrastructure, Listed Building Consent, and new signage installations.
- Documentation: Contribute to quarterly reporting, and ensure detailed method statements, project briefs, risk assessments and other documents required by the National Lottery Heritage Fund are developed.
- Problem-Solving: Identify and implement workable solutions to challenges as they arise during project execution.
- Project management: In addition to conducting regular site inspections and audits to monitor progress and compliance, manage budgets, quality, and timelines, and ensure project delivery aligns with health and safety requirements throughout.
Required Skills, Experience and Attitude:
- Heritage or listed building Project Management expertise: Proven experience in managing complex projects of >£250k on time, and within budget, including procurement, oversight of feasibility studies, and coordinating multiple stakeholders. Demonstrable knowledge of procurement legislation, supplier and contract management.
- Landscape Architecture Management: Experience working with landscape architects to translate feasibility study findings and consultation feedback into actionable design plans.
- Renewable Energy Awareness: Understanding of renewable energy initiatives, particularly in the context of heritage sites, with the ability to support feasibility studies and integrate recommendations into project plans.
- Flexible, methodical, and conscientious approach to working with a range of stakeholders.
- Strong analytical and decision-making skills, proficient in problem-solving
Desirable
- Public Consultation & Stakeholder Engagement: Skills in organizing and analyzing public consultations, ensuring community input is reflected in project plans.
- Planning & Regulatory Compliance: Knowledge of planning permission processes, including submitting applications for energy infrastructure, Listed Building Consent, and park signage.
- Technical Knowledge in Restoration & Maintenance: Strong understanding of heritage restoration requirements.
- Experience in Accessibility Audits: Familiarity with conducting and managing accessibility audits, ensuring that findings are effectively integrated into design and infrastructure improvements.
- Membership of a relevant professional body (e.g., RICS, RIBA, CIBSE, APM).
This is an exciting opportunity to be a part of a company that positively impacts the community around them! If you are someone that is motivated by a desire to enrich the lives of others and make a genuine difference, then please Apply Now and attach a covering letter explaining what makes you a good fit for this role - please refer to any experience in developing projects between RIBA stages, managing contractors, timeline, and budget.
If you thrive in a collaborative environment and enjoy building strong relationships with colleagues and key stakeholders, this could be the perfect role for you. As a key part of our Cathedral community, you’ll join a dedicated team focused on securing both local and national funding to secure the future of Hereford Cathedral.
This varied role will include crafting compelling grant applications to heritage funding bodies, sourcing new corporate sponsorship opportunities and fostering relationships with our growing community of donors and business supporters.
The post is permanent and is subject to a six-month probation period. The appointment of the successful candidate is subject to the receipt of two satisfactory references, proof of right to work in the UK and will also require a satisfactory Basic DBS check.
The working hours are 35 hours per week, generally Monday to Friday 09:00 to 17:00, and is offered on a hybrid basis, with a suggested minimum of two days per week in the office. Occasional out of hours work may be necessary during evenings or at weekends. Agreed overtime is not payable but time off in lieu will be granted.
The position will command a starting salary of £28,000 per annum, with a non-contributory pension scheme, whereby the employer contributes 8% of salary. The salary is paid in equal instalments over twelve calendar months per annum.
For full details and how to apply, please visit Hereford Cathedral website. Fully completed application forms must be received before midday on the closing date of Monday 14 April 2025. Please note that we do not shortlist from CV-only submissions.
The client requests no contact from agencies or media sales.
Visitor Experience and Operations Manager to lead
The Historic Dockyard Chatham, the best preserved of all Georgian dockyards, is the world’s most complete dockyard of the Age of Sail. Today, The Historic Dockyard Chatham, is the leading example of a mixed-use heritage estate. A vitally significant historic estate delivering outstanding preservation, an award-winning independent museum, commercial estate, Higher Education campus, leading film location and residential community.
As a registered charity that employs over 140 staff and 300 volunteers, people are at the heart of our Dockyard community. Our culture strives for excellence across the board and our team are hugely passionate and engaged in all aspects of our work. From historic building preservation through the diverse re-use of our historic estate, to engaging the widest possible audiences in learning about the significance and history of the former Royal Dockyard; The Historic Dockyard Chatham is a workplace like no other.
The Role
As we look to the next 10 years, growing our audiences is a core focus for our strategy. We are dedicated to innovating and personalising our visitor engagement methods to better connect with priority audiences.
We are looking for a dynamic and experienced Visitor Experience and Operations Manager to lead and shape the future of our visitor experience. This pivotal role is the overall champion of all face to face visitor interactions at the Historic Dockyard, playing a crucial part in shaping the future visitor experience and their interaction with the Dockyard’s rich history. Working with the Senior Leadership team, they will deliver a world class, commercially viable and exceptional experience that aligns with the Trust’s new 10-year strategy.
This position will require a mix of leadership skills, operational knowledge, and strategic thinking. Spanning across a large, multi-use heritage estate, this role sits at the centre of the operation, helping to maintain the Dockyard’s cultural and historical significance while driving commercial success and creating meaningful experiences for all visitors. This role will also be central to the development and delivery of the Trust’s broad ranging events and experiences programme.
how to apply
If you are interested in joining our team and wish to apply for this vacancy, please complete our application form and send it back to us along with a copy of your CV by 5pm on 6 April 2025.
First stage interviews will be held during the week commencing 14 April 2025. Successful candidates will then be invited to a second round.
Recruitment
Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust
The Fitted Rigging House
The Historic Dockyard
Chatham
Kent
ME4 4TZ
Please note, due to the volume of applications we receive, we are not able to contact all unsuccessful candidates.